罗马人的故事, 汉尼拔战记, 盐野七生, 1993

May 4, 2025

My previous post on Roman Army.

Book name in English

Senatus Populusque Romanus, The Senate and People of Rome.
Three legal denominations in Roman Italy: Cives Romani (Roman Citizens), Latini (Semi-citizen), Socii (Allies).

Consul 执政官: One of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic. One-year term.
Dictator 独裁官: An extraordinary magistrate in the Roman Republic endowed with full authority to resolve some specific problem to which he had been assigned. Six-months term.
Censor 监察官: Responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government’s finances. Censors’ terms were generally 18 months to 5 years (depending on the era).
Tribune of the plebs 护民官：These tribunes had the power to convene and preside over the Concilium Plebis (people’s assembly); to summon the senate; to propose legislation; and to intervene on behalf of plebeians in legal matters; but the most significant power was to veto the actions of the consuls and other magistrates, thus protecting the interests of the plebeians as a class.
Quaestor 财务官 “investigator”: Supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. When assigned to provincial governors, the duties were mainly administrative and logistical, but also could expand to encompass military leadership and command.
Praetor 民选官、副执政官、裁判官、民政官、法务官、执事官: Acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties.

Commune - Province - Region

In US they would be Municipality - County - State. Good explaination article.

Hannibal’s crossing of the Alps, 218 BC. 20,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry and an unknown number of elephants – the survivors of the 37 with which he left Iberia.
Battle of Cannae, 216 BC. Cannae, Puglia (modern region in its Italian name)
Syracuse aligns with Hannibal, 216 - 212 BC. Syracuse, provincia di Siracusa, Regione Siciliana.
Defect of Capua, 216 - 211 BC. Capua, provincia di Caserta, region of Campania.
Defect of Tarentum, 212 - 209 BC. Taranto, provincia di Taranto, region of Puglia